Arthur Lewis. Source: AAUP report, p. 162. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Hourly Rate. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of staple foodstuffs in Madrid, Spain. The workday ended at 5:30 in the evening when the sunlight had already faded over the mountains. Self-respecting craftsmen were even known to stop working when a foreman came by to inspect their room. Source: 1934 Statistical Abstract of the United States. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Source: Discusses average prices American families were paying for medical care and hospital trips. asked the Secretary of State for Employment whether he will publish in the OFFICIAL REPORT as 89W detailed information as may be readily available showing the numbers and groupings of employees in the coal mines working at the surface and face, respectively, whose basic rates of pay on 1st November 1973 were below the national average wage of 42 per week ; and how far . In 1927, "$30 per month was taken as the average minimum expenditure for rent in Boston for the [working class] family of four living on the American standard.". Safety sign in eight languages, about 1910. "The sum of $4,000 will buy only a very modest home and even then it will have to be in one of the smaller citiesor in a remote suburb of a large city." This risk increased enormously when inexperienced miners failed to undercut the coal before blasting and took the risk of shooting on the solid.. Data was originally published in the Industrial Bulletin of the State Department of Labor. . 45-57. Source: Shows the daily or monthly wages of 13 occupations in the treaty port. Includes a table showing. Shows the daily cost of food, heat, and light for a working family of 4 following independence. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. Mentions the wages paid to both skilled and unskilled workers in francs. Shows prices by month and year. Includes many brand names. Chart indicates hourly earnings ranges for piecework at automobile manufacturing companies in Germany. Meal time was cold, cramped, and wet. Study showed how much a family of five would need to live in Washington DC in 1920. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. Milk cost an average 33 per half gallon in 1920. 90%. Managers concentrated on business decisions, such as arranging transportation and selling their product. Source: Lists results of 22 studies that show the % of family budget spent in various categories (rent, food, health, etc.). Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. Next came preparations for extracting the coal. Source: Hotel rates can often be found within the advertisements throughout the pages of the. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more. Eventually, his sons and grandsons also worked in the mines. Includes breakouts by state, source of income, and more. Tools and hardware:
Prices are shown in Hungarian crowns. Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. Heed no operators tale! Each table is for a different New Zealand city. Shows salaries at the state, county and city levels. A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. Shows price list of one California retailer. Before the days of electric cars, many boys served as mule drivers. Dresses, dresses (in color), coats, bonnets and coats, hats, shoes, girl's toys. Prices are shown in either contemporary US dollars or Chinese coppers. Shows the average daily wages of various occupations in Athens and Piraeus. Tomorrow night at 9pm PBSs American Experience will broadcast The Mine Wars, based on the book. Boy's:
Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1927, Shows the average daily wages for 14 different occupations in the Florence district. Compares to national averages. From. More passenger air fares from other sources: Household items:
Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages for various occupations in Tokyo. It was usually undertaken by women, and sometimes children. Includes breakouts for adults and. Shows brand names. Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. The miners dressed in overalls, or bank clothes, for working the coal banks and wore cloth caps fitted with small oil lamps that lit their way in the tunnels. Compares average retail prices for drug-store items at independent stores and chain stores in Cincinnati and Washington DC. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Tip: use the search tool to look for words like cents or rate. Under other circumstances, mine tops fell without warning. But Appalachian coal production peaked in 1918. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Covers elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Girl's:
Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other staple goods in the Mexican capital. Mule drivers and trapper boys like Frank Keeney set out at six oclock every morning with the adult miners, who each carried a pick and auger, a can of black blasting powder, fuses, and a tamping rod. Coal powered industrial America. Data available for additional years inMissouri Farm Census by Counties, Missouri State Dept of Agriculture. Miners left their pits to fight the attempt of the Thatcher government to close the collieries, break the miners' union and the labour movement in general, and open the way to a free market economy in which deregulated financial capitalism would be set free by the Big Bang of 1986. Source: BLS. Wages are shown in Latvian rubles. Shows the daily wages of various common and low-skill occupations like building laborers, canners, and rice mill workers throughout the state. Shows dollar amount and % of total budget spent on various categories of goods and services, broken out by urban/rural families. Describes the labor policy of South Africa in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Shows typical pay in stock companies, dramas, musical comedies, vaudeville and screen, from extras to Hollywood stars. Source:Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. Wages of pattern makers, molders, drill press operators, lathe hands, machinists and more. Wages are shown in Italian lire. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. Table 679 of this 1923 USDA Yearbook tells how much U.S. farmers paid for farm tools and implements, work gloves, shirts and shoes, shotguns, tobacco, wagons, building materials such as nails and shingles, and household items such as dishes and fruit jars, washtubs and buckets in 1909, 1914-1922. A miners compulsion to load as much coal as possible was tempered by experience, however. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of foodstuffs in Madrid and Barcelona. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. The lack of market for coal during the depression had stepped in to push aside both miners and operators as principals in collective bargaining. Wages are based on the average weekly full-time positions from large cities. Source: BLS Bulletin no. 484. Email: concannonm@missouri.edu Cabinets and cookware. Source: Teachers' salaries and salary trends in 1923. For best detail, see the full chapters on. $20.00 per week. Provides foreign wage data in native currency alongside the U.S. dollar equivalent to assist in comparing the rates. Shows the "living wage" per week for different metropolitan areas of Australia. A settlement was reached when the coal board added an extra pound to wage rates after two-and-a-half days' intensive negotiations at the industry's London headquarters. Corn visited coal mines and mountain communities from Virginia to Tennessee, photographing the working and domestic lives of miner families and their struggles with low wages, unsafe working conditions, and black lung disease. Source: BLS, Shows clothes prices paid by working class families in Great Britain. Patterns for sewing children's clothes, stockings, union suits, toys, bicycles. 523. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. The regions first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. April 26, 1942. Mine foremen attempted various forms of industrial discipline to maximize productivity, but in the early 1900s, coal miners experienced little of the supervision foremen and factory managers imposed on workers; in fact, veteran colliers often became surly when a mine foreman came by their place on his little scooter to check on them. Still he ventures to be brave. Hourly employees were bound to the ten-hour day, but the coal loaders, or tonnage men, often worked fewer hours and sometimes exercised the right to leave the mine without permission. In some cases, when a shot backfired out of the hole, it ignited coal dust or gas in the miners room and sent fire bursting into the main tunnel, where it could burn or suffocate the mules and their drivers passing through. Totals are shown in Canadian dollars. The struggle between workers and managers in the workplace played out vividly in the Pennsylvania coal mines. Shows wages and prices in kronen, along with the exchange rate to translate into U.S. dollars. Immigrants in southern West Virginia comprised some 25 nationalities, including Italians, Hungarians, Poles, Austrians and Russians. Source: BLS, Shows the wage scale for various occupations for Japanese and Chinese workers in Dairen. Source: BLS. Coal loaders at the face depended on mule drivers and motor men to honor the old tradition of a square turna custom through which colliers sought to control output and equalize earning opportunities by ensuring that each miner would receive the same number of cars during a workday, in the words of a mine industry historian. COST OF LIVING Earnings and prices are shown in Swiss francs. Source: BLS, Shows the minimum hourly wages of various occupations in Brussels. The craftiness and deftness of the best colliers was most evident when they performed the riskiest task of all. Veteran colliers knew competitive individualism bred greed, hostility, thievery, and a disregard for mine safety. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. Discussion covers the history of minimum wage legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Canada, South Africa, Mexico, France, Norway, Argentina, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Uruguay, Hungary, Poland, Italy, and Rumania (Romania) up to 1928. 285, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Keep your hand upon the dollar, Priced by the single unit. 25-38. Coal mining wages - Illinois, 1920. Some New York City teacher and principal salaries are shown on the following page in Table 42. $32k - $76k. Source: Describes the labor policy of Australia in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Wages are shown in Belgian francs. Shows data for Washington DC, Los Angeles, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroitand otheradditional cities on pages5-9. Kanawha County coal seams were relatively thick, so men could often stand or just bend slightly, but some coal cutters had to work bent over all day in low coal. After sorting out the slate fragments and loading the car, the miner attached his brass check to the side of the car and pushed it out into the main tunnel, where mules or a small locomotive pulled the load out of the mine to the weigh station and then to the tipple, where the coal would be prepared and funneled into railroad cars. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (April 1931). After a temporary escape to attend grammar school, it was the world he reentered in 1900 as an eighteen-year-old man willing and able to load coal for a miners pay. See quartile, "Women in Alabama industries: a study of hours, wages and working conditions," Women's Bureau Bulletin #34 (. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set Vol. Source: Shows wages by occupation in Belfast, Cork, Glasgow, Dundee, Cardiff, London, Manchester and more. Workers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884, Managers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884. The deal, brokered by. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (June 1931), Shows the average hours and daily wages of various workers in quarries, sawmills, and many other industries throughout Virginia. Details the price of various building materials on pp. Shows data on the number of nursing school graduates from 1880 to 1929 as well as salary information. In West Virginias colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. Wages are shown in both contemporary Yen and US dollars. A mail order catalog for the Fall/Winter season, 1920-1921. Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, scene painters, stage hands, etc. NOTE: Forhouseholdincome data for 1929, we recommend a1934 Brookings Institution report titled America's Capacity to Consume. Unskilled labor hired by cities for construction, repair or cleaning of streets. how much did coal miners get paid in the 1950s. Chart shows median wages of women employed in Philadelphia households as chambermaids, cleaners, cooks, waitresses, laundress, seamstress, and children's nurses (nannies.) Table 25 shows additional breakouts for skilled and white collar workers by region (. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. Source: Compares 1922 to1940 wage rates for a variety of RR jobs, pp. HEALTH CARE View object record Miner's hat, about 1930 Source: Table shows 52 years of time-series prices on individual foods, such as. They provided their own equipment and often hired assistants; managers extended credit for supplies like dynamite. During the Great Depression output was nearly halved from 680 million tons to 360 million. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. Compares wages in common industries such as building, engineering, shipbuilding, textiles, railway, agriculture, printing, and in pottery. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wage in both yen and US dollars. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. The miners world was dark and dangerous. Source: U.S. BLS. Source: The cost of living in twelve industrial cities, p. 63. Shows the weekly earnings for 9 occupations in Amsterdam, Haarlem, the Hague, and Rotterdam. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. Table shows average tax by acre for each state in 1929. Source: BLS. Must use "search in this text" feature to navigate. Another statute required employers to hire pit bosses to examine every working place in the mine, but only as often as practicable. A third rule required the managers to water the coal dust, but only when they detected a dangerous level of gas. Wages are in contemporary US dollars. The union was very important to miners. Shows the daily wages for 11 different occupations in Parahyba, Brazil. Source: Includes district-specific information and the average output of coal per person per shift. Recognizable name brand items in the price lists include Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Quaker Oats, Cream of Wheat, Hershey's Cocoa, Aunt Jemima Pancake Flour, Mazola Oil, Wesson Oil, Coleman's Mustard, Post Toasties, Morton's Salt, Knox Gelatin, Sun Maid Raisins, Palmolive soap, Log Cabin syrup, Del Monte canned goods, Heinz ketchup, Gold Medal flour, Carnation Milk, Life Savers candy, Bon Ami scouring powder, Lucky Strike cigarettes, Camel cigarettes, Scott Tissue toilet paper, and many other brand name items. Also shows rowboat and pack horse rental rates, cost for guided tours, and transportation fares. Source: Extensive article provides wage detail by occupation and city. These figures are shown by occupation, sex, and region. Published 1921. Wages are shown in contemporary US dollars. Covers occupations in the building trades, metal trades, printing trades, coal mining and more. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. From, Average monthly wages by state,with and without board. Wages are shown in Greek drachmas. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. Without a match he walked, hands held in front of his body, until, by chance, someone found him and gave him a light. ), carriages, cribs, high chairs, etc. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Source: BLS. By law, judges earned 1,500 per year. Every workday a panel of miners, ranging from fourteen to twenty-eight men, passed through a main entry and then turneddown a side entry. Taking a mine car out of turnconstituted another grave offense. For easier browsing, the information is. Shows pay tables based on years of service,for Army and Navygenerals, admirals, colonels, lieutenants, captains, ensigns, etc. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. 1920, Wages by occupation - Manchuria, 1920-1921, Daily and monthly wage earnings - Soviet Union, 1926-1927, Average yearly wages in the Soviet Union, 1929-1932, salaries paid school teachers throughout Russia, seldom exceed 12 rubles per month in late 1923, Agricultural wages - Switzerland in 1914, 1921, 1930, Earnings and prices - Switzerland, 1920-1921, Wages in Great Britain, France and Germany (with addendum for Switzerland), Minimum wage legislation in various countries, Comparative wage rates in the U.S. and in foreign countries, 1927, Wages paid on steamships by country and occupation, 1922, wages paid to Chinese and Lascar (Indian or southeast Asian) employees, Farm family incomes in Wake County, North Carolina - 1926, Foods - Average retail prices over time, 1923-36, Foods - Average retail prices across 39 cities, 1920-1928, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, Food price averages for each year from 1890-1970, Cigarette, cigar and rolling papers - Los Angeles, 1921, Farm houses in Iowa - Value and size, 1923, Sears homes with costs to build, 1908-1939, Cost of materials to build a Sears home, ca. Source: Source: Canada Department of Labor report. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. There was little prospect then that coal would be in demand as it is today or that the daily wage of miners would be multiplied 8 to 10 times by 1974. Describes the labor policy of Mexico in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Under these terms, a hard worker could earn $2.00 for ten to twelve hours of labor, if the work was steady. This was the world Frank Keeney entered as a boy. Use "search in this text" feature to navigate (or contact us for assistance). Source: BLS. Wages are shown in German marks. Boys labored inside, sorting coal by size and removing rock. After undercutting the face, the collier turned the crank on a five-and-a-half-foot-long breast auger and pushed with all his weight to bore a hole high on the face. One task was to test for the build-up of flammable methane gas. Constitution Avenue, NW Shows mining wages in Alabama, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1928 had the same buying power as abut $15 in the year 2020. along with the country of origin, value in that country, transportation charges, duty charges and retail price in the U.S. Includes a photo of most items. In the hand-loading era, an underground miners workplace, usually called a room, was only as high as the coal seam. Retail prices for brick, cement, lumber of various kinds, window glass, shingles, nails and more. Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. Every workingman was supposed to have his turn when it came to getting an empty coal car, because each collier deserved an equal opportunity to get his load to the weigh station. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Wages shown in litas, and US dollars in parentheses. Source: BLS. Shows average charge per case for appendicitis, childbirth, heart troubles, cancer, dental problems and more. Source: This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. Paragraph below the table describes the weekly earnings of blast furnace workers, smelters, rolling mill operators, and foundry workers in both Pounds Sterling and U.S. Source: BLS, Shows the average wage rates for 19 different occupations in Hamburg, Germany.
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